SEO short for Search Engine Optimization is a process in which you optimize your website/video/webpage for better search rankings. You follow different guidelines by search engines (Google, Bing, etc) and use different strategies (Onsite SEO, Offsite SEO, Technical SEO) while doing SEO.
Example: If you are trying to rank your real estate website in google and you want that when people search “best real estate” in google your website comes up. Then you will do SEO of your website for that purpose.